Impact des conditions semi-naturelles sur le potentiel biotique de Trichogramma bourarachae Pintureau et Babault (Hym.,Trichogrammatidae)

Les potentialités biotiques de Trichogramma bourarachae (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) étudiées sous des conditions semi-naturelles de deux régions différentes: côtière (Rabat) et continentale (Afourer) révèlent l'absence de tout arrêt de développement. Le seuil thermique est proche de 7°C et le taux d'émergence est normal. La longévité des femelles de la génération-fille oscille entre 7 et 13 jours sous le climat océanique et entre 4 et 24 jours dans le cas du continental. La fécondité est maximale en fin mai (42 oeufs) pour la côtière et en mi-juin (39) pour la continentale. Quant à la fértilité, elle suit le même schéma que la fécondité. Le taux de femelles dans la descendance se montre sensible à la température d'exposition

Geologically constrained evolutionary geomechanical modelling of diapir and basin evolution: a case study from the Tarfaya basin, West African coast

We systematically incorporate burial history, sea floor geometry and tectonic loads from a sequential kinematic restoration model into a 2D evolutionary geomechanical model that simulates the formation of the Sandia salt diapir, Tarfaya basin, NW African Coast. We use a poro-elastoplastic description for the sediment behaviour and a viscoplastic description for the salt. Sedimentation is coupled with salt flow and regional shortening to determine the sediment porosity and strength and to capture the interaction between salt and sediments. We find that temporal and spatial variation in sedimentation rate is a key control on the kinematic evolution of the salt system. Incorporation of sedimentation rates from the kinematic restoration at a location east of Sandia leads to a final geomechanical model geometry very similar to that observed in seismic reflection data. We also find that changes in the variation of shortening rates can significantly affect the present-day stress state above salt. Overall, incorporating kinematic restoration data into evolutionary models provides insights into the key parameters that control the evolution of geologic systems. Furthermore, it enables more realistic evolutionary geomechanical models, which, in turn, provide insights into sediment stress and porosity

Role of PACAP and VIP Signalling in Regulation of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are multifunctional proteins that can regulate diverse physiological processes. These are also regarded as neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory substances in the CNS, and PACAP is reported to prevent harmful effects of oxidative stress. In the last decade more and more data accumulated on the similar function of PACAP in various tissues, but its cartilage- and bone-related presence and functions have not been widely investigated yet. In this summary we plan to verify the presence and function of PACAP and VIP signalling tool kit during cartilage differentiation and bone formation. We give evidence about the protective function of PACAP in cartilage regeneration with oxidative or mechanically stress and also with the modulation of PACAP signalling in vitro in osteogenic cells. Our observations imply the therapeutic perspective that PACAP might be applicable as a natural agent exerting protecting effect during joint inflammation and/or may promote cartilage regeneration during degenerative diseases of articular cartilage

Pyrolysis of ficus nitida wood: Determination of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters

International audienceIn the present work, the kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of ficus wood was carried out using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermal degradation of ficus wood has been evaluated under dynamic conditions from 373 K to 1173 K at heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 50 K.min−1. The kinetic analysis was performed using isoconversional methods (Friedman (FR), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Vyazovkin (VYA)) and the integral master-plots method to estimate the kinetic triplets. The thermogravimetric and kinetic data were used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) and kinetic compensation effects. The conversion range of 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 shows clearly that the pyrolysis of ficus wood could represent a triple-step reaction, which corresponds to the pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, respectively. From the isoconversional plots of ficus wood having average activation energy values of 171.4–180.3 kJ.mol−1, 206.48–214.42 kJ.mol−1 and 237.85–248.23 kJ.mol−1 for hemicellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively. The experimental data of focus wood had overlapped the D4, D2, and F3 in the conversion range of 5–35%, 35–75%, and 75–90%, respectively. All values of ΔH and ΔG maintain at a positive constant, whereas the value of ΔS is negative in the range of 5–35%. The difference between E-values and the ΔH value for the three pseudo-components of ficus wood is about ≈5 kJ.mol−1. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters will be beneficial in assimilating the thermal decomposition of ficus wood for its use in bioenergy

Valorization of algal waste via pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char

The aim of the present work is to develop processes for the production of bio-oil andbio-char from algae waste using the pyrolysis at controlled conditions. The pyrolysiswas carried out at different temperatures 400-600 °C and different heating rates 5-50°C/min. The algal waste, bio-oil and bio-char were successfully characterized usingElemental analysis, Chemical composition, TGA, FTIR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS and SEM.At a temperature of 500 °C and a heating rate of 10 °C/min, the maximum yield of biooiland bio-char was found to be 24.10 and 44.01wt%, respectively, which was found tobe strongly influenced by the temperature variation, and weakly affected by the heatingrate variation. Results show that the bio-oil cannot be used as bio-fuel, but can be usedas a source of value-added chemicals. On the other hand, the bio-char is a promisingcandidate for solid fuel applications and for the production of carbon materials

Thermochemical treatment of olive mill solid waste and olive mill wastewater Pyrolysis kinetics

In olive-oil-producing countries, large amounts of waste material are generated as by-product for which there is no ready use and in some cases may have a negative value because of the cost of disposal. Most of these countries depend on fossil fuels for their energy uses, and olive mill wastes can be used to supplement such energy sources using thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis. However, efficient operation of thermochemical conversion systems requires a thorough understanding of the influence of the composition and thermal properties of these by-products on their behaviour during the conversion process. In this study, the thermal behaviour of two olive mill wastes samples (olive mill solid waste: OMSW, and concentrated olive mill wastewater: COMWW) was examined at different heating rates ranging from 5 to 50 A degrees C min(-1) in inert atmosphere using the technique of thermogravimetric analysis. As the increment of heating rates, the variations of characteristic parameters from the TG-DTG curves were determined. The initial temperature of degradation is higher in OMSW, which present a high amount of cellulose in comparison with COMWW. Three methods were used for the determination of kinetic reaction parameters: Friedman, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Vyazovkin methods. The results showed that apparent activation energy obtained for the decomposition of hemicelluloses and cellulose derived from OMSW was given as 150-176 and 210.5-235.7 kJ mol(-1), while for COMWW, the values were 133-145 and 255-275 kJ mol(-1), respectively